/* ============================================
   MADHAVAN LAB — UIUC
   Stylesheet: Light Academic / Editorial
   ============================================ */

@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=EB+Garamond:ital,wght@0,400;0,500;0,600;1,400;1,500&family=DM+Sans:wght@300;400;500&family=DM+Mono:wght@400;500&display=swap');

/* --- Variables --- */
:root {
  /* UIUC Official */
  --blue:          #13294b;      /* Illini Blue — primary brand color    */
  --blue-deep:     #0d1e38;      /* Slightly deeper for hovers/heroes     */
  --blue-mid:      #1e3a5f;      /* Mid tone for gradients / bars         */
  --blue-tint:     #e8edf4;      /* Very pale blue for subtle backgrounds */

  --orange:        #e84a27;      /* Illini Orange — official              */
  --orange-muted:  #c0401f;      /* Darker, more restrained orange        */
  --orange-subtle: #f5ede9;      /* Pale orange tint — for bg use only    */

  /* Neutrals — warm-cool balanced */
  --cream:         #f8f7f5;      /* Page background                       */
  --warm-white:    #ffffff;
  --gray-1:        #f2f1ef;      /* Light section background              */
  --gray-2:        #e4e2de;      /* Borders                               */
  --gray-3:        #a8a49c;      /* Muted labels, metadata                */
  --gray-4:        #635f58;      /* Body text secondary                   */
  --gray-5:        #38342e;      /* Body text primary                     */
  --text:          #1c1a17;

  --serif:      'EB Garamond', Georgia, serif;
  --sans:       'DM Sans', system-ui, sans-serif;
  --mono:       'DM Mono', 'Courier New', monospace;
  --nav-h:      68px;
  --max-w:      1160px;
  --transition: 0.22s ease;
}

/* --- Reset --- */
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; font-size: 16px; }
body {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  background: var(--cream);
  color: var(--text);
  line-height: 1.6;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
img { display: block; max-width: 100%; }
a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }

/* --- Typography --- */
h1, h2, h3, h4 { font-family: var(--serif); line-height: 1.2; }
h1 { font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 5vw, 3.6rem); font-weight: 500; }
h2 { font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 3vw, 2.4rem); font-weight: 500; }
h3 { font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 2vw, 1.6rem); font-weight: 400; }
h4 { font-size: 1.1rem; font-weight: 500; }
p  { font-size: 1.05rem; color: var(--gray-5); line-height: 1.75; }

.serif { font-family: var(--serif); }
.mono  { font-family: var(--mono); }

/* --- Utility --- */
.container { max-width: var(--max-w); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 2rem; }
.section    { padding: 5rem 0; }
.section--gray { background: var(--gray-1); }
.divider { width: 48px; height: 2px; background: var(--orange-muted); margin: 1.2rem 0 2rem; }
.divider--center { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }
.tag {
  display: inline-block;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--blue-mid);
  padding: 0.2rem 0.65rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--gray-2);
  border-left: 2px solid var(--orange-muted);
  border-radius: 0 2px 2px 0;
  background: var(--blue-tint);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.btn {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.65rem 1.6rem;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  border-radius: 3px;
  transition: var(--transition);
  cursor: pointer;
}
.btn--primary { background: var(--blue); color: #fff; border: 1.5px solid var(--blue); }
.btn--primary:hover { background: var(--blue-deep); border-color: var(--blue-deep); }
.btn--outline {
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--blue);
  border: 1.5px solid var(--blue);
}
.btn--outline:hover { background: var(--blue); color: #fff; }

/* ============================================
   NAVIGATION
   ============================================ */
.nav {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
  height: var(--nav-h);
  background: rgba(248,247,245,0.97);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-2);
  border-top: 3px solid var(--blue);
  z-index: 1000;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}
.nav__inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: var(--max-w);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 2rem;
}
.nav__brand {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  line-height: 1;
}
.nav__brand-name {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--blue);
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}
.nav__brand-sub {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.65rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--gray-3);
  margin-top: 2px;
}
.nav__links {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.2rem;
  list-style: none;
}
.nav__links a {
  display: block;
  padding: 0.45rem 0.85rem;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--gray-4);
  border-radius: 3px;
  transition: var(--transition);
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}
.nav__links a:hover,
.nav__links a.active {
  color: var(--blue);
  background: var(--gray-1);
}
.nav__links a.active { font-weight: 500; }

/* Hamburger */
.nav__toggle {
  display: none;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 5px;
  cursor: pointer;
  padding: 4px;
  background: none;
  border: none;
}
.nav__toggle span {
  display: block;
  width: 22px;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--gray-5);
  transition: var(--transition);
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .nav__toggle { display: flex; }
  .nav__links {
    position: fixed;
    top: var(--nav-h);
    left: 0; right: 0;
    background: var(--cream);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-2);
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 0;
    padding: 1rem;
    display: none;
  }
  .nav__links.open { display: flex; }
  .nav__links a { padding: 0.7rem 1rem; }
}

/* ============================================
   PAGE WRAPPER
   ============================================ */
.page-wrap { padding-top: var(--nav-h); }

/* ============================================
   PAGE HERO (internal pages)
   ============================================ */
.page-hero {
  background: var(--blue);
  padding: 4rem 0 3.5rem;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.page-hero::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: -1px; left: 0; right: 0;
  height: 40px;
  background: var(--cream);
  clip-path: ellipse(55% 100% at 50% 100%);
}
.page-hero h1 { color: #fff; }
.page-hero .divider { background: var(--orange); }
.page-hero p { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7); max-width: 580px; }

/* ============================================
   HOME — HERO
   ============================================ */
.home-hero {
  min-height: calc(100vh - var(--nav-h));
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 4rem;
  padding: 5rem 0;
}
.home-hero__text .eyebrow {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--orange);
  margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
}
.home-hero__text h1 { color: var(--blue); margin-bottom: 1.2rem; }
.home-hero__text p { font-size: 1.1rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; max-width: 480px; }
.home-hero__btns { display: flex; gap: 1rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.home-hero__images {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  grid-template-rows: 220px 160px;
  gap: 12px;
}
.home-hero__img-box {
  background: var(--gray-2);
  border-radius: 4px;
  overflow: hidden;
  position: relative;
}
.home-hero__img-box:first-child {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
}
.home-hero__img-box img {
  width: 100%; height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  transition: transform 0.5s ease;
}
.home-hero__img-box:hover img { transform: scale(1.04); }
.img-placeholder {
  width: 100%; height: 100%;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--gray-1) 0%, var(--gray-2) 100%);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: var(--gray-3);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  gap: 8px;
}
.img-placeholder svg { opacity: 0.4; }

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .home-hero { grid-template-columns: 1fr; min-height: auto; }
  .home-hero__images { order: -1; grid-template-rows: 180px 120px; }
}

/* ============================================
   HOME — HIGHLIGHTS BAR
   ============================================ */
.highlights-bar {
  background: var(--blue-deep);
  color: #fff;
  padding: 1.4rem 0;
  border-bottom: 3px solid var(--orange-muted);
}
.highlights-bar__inner {
  display: flex;
  gap: 3rem;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.highlights-bar__item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.7rem;
}
.highlights-bar__num {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 2rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--orange);
}
.highlights-bar__label {
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);
  line-height: 1.3;
}

/* ============================================
   HOME — FEATURED PUBLICATIONS
   ============================================ */
.pub-card {
  background: var(--warm-white);
  border: 1px solid var(--gray-2);
  border-radius: 4px;
  padding: 1.6rem 1.8rem;
  transition: var(--transition);
  position: relative;
}
.pub-card:hover { border-color: var(--blue-mid); box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(19,41,75,0.08); }
.pub-card__journal {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--orange-muted);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.pub-card__title {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  color: var(--blue);
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
}
.pub-card__authors {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--gray-3);
  margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
  font-style: italic;
}
.pub-card__link {
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--blue-mid);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 4px;
  transition: var(--transition);
}
.pub-card__link:hover { gap: 8px; color: var(--orange-muted); }

.pubs-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(300px, 1fr)); gap: 1.2rem; }

/* ============================================
   HOME — NEWS
   ============================================ */
.news-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 1px; }
.news-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 100px 1fr;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  padding: 1.4rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-2);
  align-items: start;
}
.news-item__date {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  color: var(--gray-3);
  padding-top: 0.15rem;
}
.news-item__title {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  color: var(--blue);
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}
.news-item__excerpt { font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--gray-4); }

/* ============================================
   TWO-COL SECTION
   ============================================ */
.two-col {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 5rem;
  align-items: start;
}
.two-col--reverse .two-col__media { order: -1; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .two-col { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2.5rem; }
  .two-col--reverse .two-col__media { order: 0; }
}
.two-col__media {
  border-radius: 4px;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--gray-2);
  aspect-ratio: 4/3;
}
.two-col__media img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }

/* ============================================
   ABOUT PAGE
   ============================================ */
.pi-card {
  background: var(--warm-white);
  border: 1px solid var(--gray-2);
  border-radius: 4px;
  padding: 2.5rem;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 220px 1fr;
  gap: 2.5rem;
  align-items: start;
}
.pi-card__photo {
  width: 220px;
  height: auto;
  border-radius: 3px;
  object-fit: contain;
  background: var(--gray-2);
  display: block;
}
.pi-card__name { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.8rem; color: var(--blue); }
.pi-card__title { font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--gray-3); margin: 0.3rem 0 1rem; }
.pi-card__links { display: flex; gap: 0.8rem; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 1.2rem; }
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .pi-card { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .pi-card__photo { width: 160px; height: auto; }
}

.stm-explainer {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 1.5rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
}
.stm-explainer__card {
  background: var(--warm-white);
  border: 1px solid var(--gray-2);
  border-radius: 4px;
  padding: 1.6rem;
}
.stm-explainer__icon {
  width: 40px; height: 40px;
  background: var(--blue-tint);
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  color: var(--blue-mid);
}
.stm-explainer__card h4 { color: var(--blue); margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
@media (max-width: 768px) { .stm-explainer { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }

/* ============================================
   RESEARCH PAGE
   ============================================ */
.research-topic {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 480px 1fr;
  gap: 3.5rem;
  align-items: start;
  padding: 4rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-2);
}
.research-topic:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.research-topic:nth-child(even) { direction: rtl; }
.research-topic:nth-child(even) > * { direction: ltr; }
.research-topic__img {
  border-radius: 4px;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--gray-2);
  aspect-ratio: 1/1;
}
.research-topic__img img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.research-topic__num {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  color: var(--gray-3);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.research-topic h2 { color: var(--blue); margin-bottom: 0.8rem; }
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .research-topic { grid-template-columns: 1fr; direction: ltr !important; }
  .research-topic:nth-child(even) { direction: ltr; }
}

/* ============================================
   PEOPLE PAGE
   ============================================ */
.people-section-title {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--gray-3);
  margin-bottom: 1.8rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.8rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-2);
}
.people-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(180px, 220px));
  gap: 1.6rem;
  margin-bottom: 4rem;
}
.person-card {
  background: var(--warm-white);
  border: 1px solid var(--gray-2);
  border-radius: 4px;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: var(--transition);
}
.person-card:hover { box-shadow: 0 6px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.08); transform: translateY(-2px); }
.person-card__photo {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 3 / 4;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: top center;
  background: var(--gray-1);
  display: block;
}
.person-card__info { padding: 1.2rem; }
.person-card__name { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.05rem; color: var(--blue); }
.person-card__role { font-size: 0.8rem; color: var(--gray-3); margin: 0.2rem 0 0.6rem; }
.person-card__email {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  color: var(--orange-muted);
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 4px;
}
.person-card__email:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

.alumni-table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; }
.alumni-table th {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--gray-3);
  text-align: left;
  padding: 0.6rem 1rem;
  background: var(--gray-1);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-2);
}
.alumni-table td {
  padding: 0.9rem 1rem;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-2);
  color: var(--gray-5);
}
.alumni-table tr:hover td { background: var(--gray-1); }

/* ============================================
   THE LAB PAGE
   ============================================ */
.instrument-card {
  background: var(--warm-white);
  border: 1px solid var(--gray-2);
  border-radius: 4px;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
}
.instrument-card__gallery {
  width: 100%;
  height: 360px;
  background: var(--gray-1);
  overflow: hidden;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}
.instrument-card__gallery-main {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}
.instrument-card__gallery-main img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: contain; object-position: center; }
.instrument-card__gallery-thumbs { display: none; }
.instrument-card__body { padding: 2rem 2.2rem; }
.instrument-card__body h3 { color: var(--blue); margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.instrument-card__specs {
  display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.6rem;
  margin-top: 1.2rem;
}
.spec-chip {
  background: var(--gray-1);
  border: 1px solid var(--gray-2);
  padding: 0.3rem 0.8rem;
  border-radius: 2px;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  color: var(--gray-4);
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .instrument-card__gallery { height: 240px; }
}

/* ============================================
   PUBLICATIONS PAGE
   ============================================ */
.pub-year-group { margin-bottom: 3rem; }
.pub-year-label {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 2rem;
  color: var(--blue);
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--orange-muted);
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  display: inline-block;
}
.pub-entry {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 28px 1fr;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding: 1.1rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-2);
  align-items: start;
}
.pub-entry__num {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  color: var(--gray-3);
  padding-top: 0.2rem;
}
.pub-entry__title {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  color: var(--blue);
  line-height: 1.4;
  margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
}
.pub-entry__title a:hover { text-decoration: underline; color: var(--orange-muted); }
.pub-entry__details {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--gray-3);
  font-style: italic;
}

/* ============================================
   BLOG PAGE
   ============================================ */
.blog-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(320px, 1fr));
  gap: 2rem;
}
.blog-card {
  background: var(--warm-white);
  border: 1px solid var(--gray-2);
  border-radius: 4px;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: var(--transition);
  display: flex; flex-direction: column;
}
.blog-card:not(:has(.slideshow)):hover { box-shadow: 0 6px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.08); transform: translateY(-2px); }
.blog-card__img {
  aspect-ratio: 16/9;
  background: var(--gray-2);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.blog-card__img img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; transition: transform 0.4s ease; }
.blog-card:not(:has(.slideshow)):hover .blog-card__img img { transform: scale(1.04); }
.blog-card__body { padding: 1.6rem; flex: 1; display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.blog-card__meta {
  display: flex; gap: 0.8rem; align-items: center;
  margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
}
.blog-card__date {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  color: var(--gray-3);
}
.blog-card__category {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--orange-muted);
}
.blog-card__title {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  color: var(--blue);
  line-height: 1.35;
  margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
}
.blog-card__excerpt { font-size: 0.88rem; color: var(--gray-4); flex: 1; }
.blog-card__read {
  margin-top: 1.2rem;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--blue-mid);
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 4px;
  transition: var(--transition);
}
.blog-card__read:hover { gap: 8px; color: var(--orange-muted); }

/* ============================================
   FOOTER
   ============================================ */
.footer {
  background: var(--blue-deep);
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85);
  padding: 4rem 0 2rem;
  border-top: 3px solid var(--orange-muted);
}
.footer__inner {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 3rem;
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
}
.footer__brand-name {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  color: #fff;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}
.footer__brand-sub {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.65rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.4);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.footer p { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.55); font-size: 0.88rem; }
.footer__heading {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.footer__links { list-style: none; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.5rem; }
.footer__links a {
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6);
  transition: var(--transition);
}
.footer__links a:hover { color: #fff; }
.footer__bottom {
  padding-top: 2rem;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
  display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 1rem;
}
.footer__bottom p { font-size: 0.78rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.35); }
@media (max-width: 768px) { .footer__inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; } }
@media (max-width: 500px) { .footer__inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }

/* ============================================
   ANIMATIONS
   ============================================ */
@keyframes fadeUp {
  from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(24px); }
  to   { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
}
.fade-up { animation: fadeUp 0.6s ease both; }
.fade-up-1 { animation-delay: 0.1s; }
.fade-up-2 { animation-delay: 0.22s; }
.fade-up-3 { animation-delay: 0.34s; }
.fade-up-4 { animation-delay: 0.46s; }